Definition

1. Proper noun:
   • King of Spain and Portugal (1527-1598): A 16th-century monarch, husband of Mary I of England, known for his staunch support of the Counter-Reformation and for launching the Spanish Armada against England.
   • King of ancient Macedonia (382-336 BC): The father of Alexander the Great, renowned for reforming the Macedonian army and consolidating power in Greece.
   • King of France (1165-1223): Also known as Philip Augustus, a medieval French king whose reign significantly expanded royal territory through conflicts with England.

Usage Examples

• Proper noun:
  • Philip II of Spain was a central figure in the European religious wars of the 16th century.
  • The military innovations of Philip II of Macedon were crucial to his son Alexander's later conquests.
  • Philip II of France strengthened the French monarchy and reclaimed lands from English control.

Advanced Usage

• "The policies of Philip II": Often refers specifically to the administrative and religious policies of the Spanish king.
  • The policies of Philip II aimed to solidify Catholic orthodoxy throughout his empire.
• "The era of Philip II": Can denote the historical period associated with any of these kings' rules.
  • The era of Philip II of France saw the construction of the Louvre fortress.

Variants and Related Words

• Philippic (n): A bitter verbal attack or denunciation. (Origin relates to speeches by Demosthenes against Philip II of Macedon).
• Philippine (adj): Pertaining to the Philippines, named after Philip II of Spain.

Synonyms

• The Prudent King: A common epithet for Philip II of Spain.
• Philip Augustus: The common name for Philip II of France.

Related Phrases

• The Armada of Philip II: Specifically refers to the Spanish Armada sent by Philip II of Spain in 1588.
• The League of Corinth: A federation of Greek states created by Philip II of Macedon.

Noun

1. king of Spain and Portugal and husband of Mary I; he supported the Counter Reformation and sent the Spanish Armada to invade England (1527-1598)
2. king of ancient Macedonia and father of Alexander the Great (382-336 BC)
3. son of Louis VII whose reign as king of France saw wars with the English that regained control of Normandy and Anjou and most of Poitou (1165-1223)